![]() ![]() Test samples were obtained using a public domain image processing program called ImageJ.Ĭolor contrast within the soil samples was equalized with respect to reference locationsĬonsidered on the white paper. A white paper was placedīelow the mold to consider color contrast within the soil samples. Quantified using the change in mean gray value of the images. The brightness variation of soil samples was (NIKON COOLPIX L29, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Images of soil samples were captured using a commercially available camera model Soil has been compacted by hand to the desired state of compaction in a small On the compaction curve were selected for validation of the proposed color analysis IMAGEJ CITATION SERIESSix series of tests were conducted to analyze theĬolor of red soil at various surface water contents. This studyĪims to demonstrate and validate a new color analysis technique for overcoming the Occurs because of the spatial heterogeneity of light intensity in the soil domain. In color analysis approaches demonstrated by previous researchers. However, color contrast within the soil domain was rarely considered Color analysis of soil has already beenįound to be a nonintrusive, economical, and feasible approach for the measurement of Partition of solar radiation, infiltration, and runoff. All of this is exemplified using five fossil skulls belonging to the cave bear group (Ursus spelaeus sensu lato), an iconic fossil species from the Pleistocene of Eurasia.Īccurate measurement of soil surface water content is vital for analyzing evaporation, Applying this method, it is possible to segment the non-bony matrix parts more quickly and efficiently. We also deal with the problem of removing the exogenous material that usually fills the internal cavities of fossils by means of using filters based on edge detection by gradient. IMAGEJ CITATION SOFTWAREAnother advantage is the use of plugins for quantitative analysis, which require data with isometric voxels, such as the plugin BoneJ of the software ImageJ. Moreover, using this method, it is possible to use medical/laboratory XCT data together with XμCT data and therefore opening new ways to manipulate the acquired data within the image stack. Accordingly, here, we provide a protocol to acquire data on samples with size that exceed the scanning envelope of the X-ray tomography machine, joining the parts with enough accuracy, and we propose the use of the interpolation “bicubic” method. Such artifacts can result from dense mineral inclusion occurring during the fossilization process or derived from anthropogenic restoration of the sample. Other aspects include image filtering and histogram calibration to remove background noise and artifacts. In this article, we propose various solutions to tackle these issues, based on new technical advances focused on improving and processing the images obtained from XCT. ![]() All these problems are very common in paleontology, and therefore, solving them is important to save effort and the time invested in data processing. This article focuses on new virtual advances to solve technical problems usually encountered by paleontologists when using X-ray computed tomography (XCT), such as (i) the limited scanning envelope (i.e., field of view of CT systems/machines) to acquire data on large structures (ii) the use in the same study of biological objects acquired with different types of computed tomography systems (medical and laboratory XCTs and laboratory high-resolution XμCT) and therefore different resolutions and (iii) matrix removal within the fossil (e.g., cranial cavities, intratrabecular cavities, among other cavities). salina's feeding behavior and life cycle. These results highlight that aquatic microplastics pollution could affect the A. Furthermore, microalgal feeding was significantly reduced for about 50% in the presence of 10000 MPs/mL. The worst effect on the developmental stages was evaluated at 168 h with a food source, with a delay compared to the control of I and II instars at 100 MPs/mL, respectively. No MPs were found in the presence of the food source from 1 to 100 MPs/mL, while contamination was detected at all concentrations of MPs without a food source. The highest contamination found was 306.2 MPs/individual at 10000 MPs/mL exposure without a food source. salina larvae ingest MPs in relation to the exposure times in a dose-dependent manner and are significantly influenced by food availability. salina larvae (instar I) groups were exposed to different micro-plastics (MPs) concentrations (0-1-1-10000 MPs/mL), with and without Dunaliella salina as a food source. In the present study, it has been evaluated how 10 μm of polyethylene microspheres can be ingested by Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae within the first 7 days of the life cycle, and the impact on their health. ![]()
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